磨床的種類多、應用廣、對于加工人員也有一定的要求。很多時候我們需要加工高精度的工件，那磨床的哪些因素會影響工件加工的精度呢?今天磨(mo)床生產廠家 勤龍(long)磨(mo)床(chuang)的(de)小編(bian)來帶大(da)家看(kan)一(yi)下，讓(rang)大(da)家對于磨(mo)床(chuang)有更(geng)深(shen)的(de)了解。

1. 磨床的幾何精度

機床制造或多或少有(you)誤差(cha)存在。這種(zhong)誤差(cha)將在工(gong)(gong)件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)不(bu)同(tong)程度反映(ying)到工(gong)(gong)件(jian)上來，而影響其(qi)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度。一(yi)般有(you)主軸(zhou)的(de)徑向(xiang)跳動(dong)和(he)軸(zhou)向(xiang)竄動(dong)，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺等運動(dong)部件(jian)移(yi)動(dong)的(de)直線(xian)度，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)部件(jian)的(de)相互位置誤差(cha)和(he)傳動(dong)誤差(cha)等。

砂輪主軸(zhou)的(de)徑(jing)向跳(tiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和軸(zhou)向竄動(dong)(dong)(dong)及磨(mo)(mo)床頭(tou)架(jia)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)誤(wu)差大，不(bu)僅影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)后的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)粗糙度，還會使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)產生圓(yuan)(yuan)度和端(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)跳(tiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，造成磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)過程中(zhong)火花(hua)不(bu)均勻。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺移動(dong)(dong)(dong)在(zai)垂(chui)直(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)不(bu)垂(chui)直(zhi)時(shi)，在(zai)內(nei)、外(wai)圓(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床上，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)母(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)直(zhi)線(xian)(xian)性，在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)磨(mo)(mo)床磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)度誤(wu)差大。外(wai)圓(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床的(de)砂輪主軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)心線(xian)(xian)和內(nei)圓(yuan)(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床砂輪軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)心線(xian)(xian)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)頭(tou)架(jia)軸(zhou)中(zhong)心線(xian)(xian)不(bu)等(deng)高(gao)，在(zai)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)內(nei)、外(wai)錐體時(shi)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)母(mu)(mu)線(xian)(xian)是(shi)雙曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)。砂輪主軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)心線(xian)(xian)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺移動(dong)(dong)(dong)方向不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)行，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)后的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)直(zhi)度。磨(mo)(mo)床的(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)誤(wu)差，對螺紋(wen)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)和齒輪磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)很大。

2. 磨床的剛度

它是指(zhi)磨(mo)床承受外力(磨(mo)削(xue)力)時，其部(bu)件抵抗變(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)能力。也即是在同樣的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)削(xue)力的(de)(de)(de)情況下，部(bu)件變(bian)形越小，表示剛度(du)越大(da)。反之(zhi)，部(bu)件變(bian)形大(da)，表示此(ci)部(bu)件剛度(du)就小。這些變(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小，破壞了磨(mo)床靜態的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始(shi)幾何精(jing)度(du)，將引起工件的(de)(de)(de)加工誤差的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小。所以(yi)剛度(du)好的(de)(de)(de)機床，工件的(de)(de)(de)加工精(jing)度(du)高。

3. 熱變形

磨床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)內部的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)源(yuan)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)不(bu)(bu)均勻，各(ge)個部位(wei)在運動(dong)中(zhong)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量多(duo)少也(ye)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，外界熱(re)(re)源(yuan)對機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)各(ge)部位(wei)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)一樣(yang)，零部件因材料不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)膨(peng)脹系數也(ye)不(bu)(bu)相同(tong)，造成機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)各(ge)部分(fen)(fen)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)微量變(bian)形，使機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)原始(shi)幾何精度(du)(du)下(xia)降，而(er)影響(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)件的(de)(de)加工(gong)精度(du)(du)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)精密(mi)磨床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)最好安(an)裝(zhuang)在恒(heng)溫(wen)室(shi)使用，以(yi)(yi)防止(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)變(bian)化對機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)和工(gong)件的(de)(de)精度(du)(du)產生(sheng)影響(xiang)(xiang)。

4. 磨床運動部件爬行

磨(mo)床工作(zuo)臺砂輪架等運動部件在作(zuo)微量(liang)周期進(jin)給(gei)或低速連續(xu)移(yi)動時，出現(xian)運動不均勻的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)，通(tong)稱(cheng)為爬行。當磨(mo)床有這種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)發生時，使磨(mo)削過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)進(jin)給(gei)不均勻，而影響工件磨(mo)削表面(mian)粗糙度。

5. 磨床的振動

磨(mo)床在磨(mo)削過程中(zhong)產生振動，使(shi)砂輪(lun)和工件問相對位(wei)置發生周期性(xing)的變(bian)動，使(shi)工件表面產生振紋(wen)，嚴重影(ying)響(xiang)加工質(zhi)量和精度。

以上(shang)就是(shi)磨(mo)床(chuang)生產廠家勤(qin)龍磨(mo)床(chuang)小編整理的(de)關于(yu)磨(mo)床(chuang)加(jia)工精(jing)度的(de)相關內容，除了我們(men)上(shang)述(shu)提到(dao)的(de)幾個(ge)影響(xiang)因素之外(wai)，還有(you)使用的(de)工藝方法等，這些都(dou)是(shi)我們(men)需要注意的(de)內容。